高中英语 · 高考高频词汇表 430 词条 · 7 个板块

背单词最怕两件事：不知道背哪些、背了不会用。这一页把「要背哪些词」列成清单，每个词都给中文 + 常见搭配 + 例句——搭配和例句才是考点，光记中文意思在完形和写作里一分不值。建议每天一个板块，边读例句边背。

板块	内容	数量	建议用法
1 高频动词	完形、语法填空、写作都用得上的核心动词	100 个	重点背搭配（动词 + 介词）
2 高频名词	阅读话题词 + 写作常用抽象名词	80 个	背可数 / 不可数与固定搭配
3 高频形容词副词	态度题、写作替换 "good / very" 的词	60 个	背 be + adj. + 介词
4 易混词辨析	长得像、意思近、考试专挑的 30 组	30 组（60 词）	成对记，记差别不记中文
5 词根词缀	20 个高频词根，每个 5 个派生词	20 组（100 词）	猜词题、阅读生词全靠它
6 熟词僻义	完形填空最爱考的"第二义"	30 个	只记僻义 + 例句
7 写作万能句	按开头 / 主体 / 结尾分类的成句	30 句	每种背 2~3 句，考场直接套

💡 每背完一个板块，做下面的随堂测（点选项立刻判对错，选错会专门告诉你错在哪）。全部 7 个板块做完，再去 知识页 过语法，最后用训练和测试检验。

高考高频动词 100 个

动词是句子的骨架，也是完形填空的主要考点。背动词必须连搭配一起背：记 affect 不如记 be affected by，记 apply 不如记 apply for / apply to。

#	单词	音标	中文	常见搭配	例句
1	abandon	/əˈbændən/	放弃；抛弃	abandon a plan；abandon oneself to 沉溺于	He abandoned the plan for lack of money.
2	absorb	/əbˈsɔːb/	吸收；使全神贯注	be absorbed in 全神贯注于	Plants absorb water through their roots.
3	accept	/əkˈsept/	接受	accept an offer / an invitation	She accepted the invitation with pleasure.
4	accompany	/əˈkʌmpəni/	陪伴；为……伴奏	accompany sb to a place	I'll accompany you to the station.
5	accomplish	/əˈkʌmplɪʃ/	完成，实现	accomplish a task / a goal	We accomplished the task ahead of time.
6	account	/əˈkaʊnt/	解释；占（比例）	account for 解释 / 占	Women account for 40% of the staff.
7	accuse	/əˈkjuːz/	控告，指责	accuse sb of sth	He was accused of stealing the money.
8	achieve	/əˈtʃiːv/	实现，取得	achieve one's goal	Hard work helped him achieve his goal.
9	acquire	/əˈkwaɪə(r)/	获得，习得	acquire a skill / a habit	Children acquire language with amazing speed.
10	adapt	/əˈdæpt/	适应；改编	adapt to；be adapted from	He soon adapted to the new school.
11	adjust	/əˈdʒʌst/	调整，适应	adjust to；adjust sth	Adjust the mirror before you drive.
12	admire	/ədˈmaɪə(r)/	钦佩，赞赏	admire sb for sth	I admire her for her courage.
13	admit	/ədˈmɪt/	承认；准许进入	admit doing sth	He admitted making a serious mistake.
14	adopt	/əˈdɒpt/	采纳；收养	adopt a method / a child	They adopted a new teaching method.
15	advance	/ədˈvɑːns/	前进，进步	in advance 提前	Technology advances year by year.
16	affect	/əˈfekt/	影响（动词）	be affected by	The weather affected our travel plan.
17	afford	/əˈfɔːd/	负担得起	can't afford to do sth	We can't afford to buy a house now.
18	aim	/eɪm/	瞄准；旨在	aim at；be aimed at	The course is aimed at beginners.
19	allow	/əˈlaʊ/	允许	allow sb to do sth	My parents don't allow me to stay out late.
20	announce	/əˈnaʊns/	宣布	announce sth to sb	The school announced the results yesterday.
21	anticipate	/ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/	预料，期待	anticipate doing sth	We anticipate meeting some difficulties.
22	apologize	/əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/	道歉	apologize to sb for sth	He apologized for being late.
23	appeal	/əˈpiːl/	呼吁；有吸引力	appeal to sb	The design appeals to young people.
24	apply	/əˈplaɪ/	申请；应用	apply for；apply to	She applied for a scholarship.
25	appreciate	/əˈpriːʃieɪt/	感激；欣赏	appreciate doing；I'd appreciate it if…	I really appreciate your help.
26	approach	/əˈprəʊtʃ/	接近；着手处理	an approach to（名词）	We need a new approach to the problem.
27	approve	/əˈpruːv/	批准；赞成	approve of	My parents don't approve of the plan.
28	argue	/ˈɑːɡjuː/	争论；论证	argue with sb about sth	They argued about money all night.
29	arrange	/əˈreɪndʒ/	安排	arrange for sb to do	I've arranged a meeting for Friday.
30	assess	/əˈses/	评估	assess the damage	Teachers assess students' progress regularly.
31	assume	/əˈsjuːm/	假定；承担	assume that；assume responsibility	Let's assume that it is true.
32	attach	/əˈtætʃ/	附上；重视	attach importance to	Please attach your photo to the form.
33	attempt	/əˈtempt/	试图	attempt to do sth	He attempted to escape but failed.
34	attend	/əˈtend/	出席；照料	attend a meeting / a lecture	She attends a lecture every Friday.
35	attract	/əˈtrækt/	吸引	attract attention	The show attracted thousands of visitors.
36	avoid	/əˈvɔɪd/	避免	avoid doing sth	Avoid making the same mistake twice.
37	beat	/biːt/	打败；敲打	beat sb at sth	Our team beat theirs three to nil.
38	behave	/bɪˈheɪv/	举止，表现	behave oneself	The children behaved well at the party.
39	believe	/bɪˈliːv/	相信	believe in	I believe in your ability.
40	belong	/bɪˈlɒŋ/	属于	belong to	This dictionary belongs to my sister.
41	benefit	/ˈbenɪfɪt/	受益；有益于	benefit from	We benefit a lot from daily exercise.
42	blame	/bleɪm/	责备	blame sb for sth	Don't blame others for your own mistakes.
43	bother	/ˈbɒðə(r)/	打扰，费心	bother to do sth	Don't bother to call me tonight.
44	breathe	/briːð/	呼吸	breathe deeply	Breathe deeply and try to relax.
45	bring	/brɪŋ/	带来	bring up 抚养；bring about 引起	She was brought up by her aunt.
46	build	/bɪld/	建造；建立	build up 逐渐增强	Reading builds up your vocabulary.
47	calculate	/ˈkælkjuleɪt/	计算	calculate the cost	Let me calculate the total cost.
48	calm	/kɑːm/	使平静	calm down	Calm down and tell me what happened.
49	cancel	/ˈkænsl/	取消	cancel a flight / an order	The flight was cancelled because of fog.
50	care	/keə(r)/	关心，在乎	care about；care for	She cares about her students deeply.
51	carry	/ˈkæri/	携带；进行	carry out 实施	They carried out the plan successfully.
52	catch	/kætʃ/	抓住；赶上	catch up with	He caught up with the others soon.
53	cause	/kɔːz/	导致；原因	cause sb to do sth	The accident caused him to lose his job.
54	celebrate	/ˈselɪbreɪt/	庆祝	celebrate a festival	We celebrate the Spring Festival at home.
55	challenge	/ˈtʃælɪndʒ/	挑战	face a challenge	He welcomed the challenge with a smile.
56	change	/tʃeɪndʒ/	改变	change into	Water changes into ice at 0℃.
57	charge	/tʃɑːdʒ/	收费；控告	free of charge；charge sb with	They charge ten yuan for parking.
58	check	/tʃek/	检查	check out；check in	Check your answers before handing in.
59	choose	/tʃuːz/	选择	choose between A and B	You must choose between the two plans.
60	claim	/kleɪm/	声称；索赔	claim to do sth	He claims to be a doctor.
61	classify	/ˈklæsɪfaɪ/	分类	classify…into	Books are classified into three groups.
62	combine	/kəmˈbaɪn/	结合	combine A with B	Combine study with regular exercise.
63	comfort	/ˈkʌmfət/	安慰	comfort sb	She comforted the crying child.
64	command	/kəˈmɑːnd/	命令；掌握	have a good command of	He has a good command of English.
65	commit	/kəˈmɪt/	犯（罪）；承诺	commit oneself to	He committed himself to the project.
66	communicate	/kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/	交流	communicate with sb	We communicate mainly by email.
67	compare	/kəmˈpeə(r)/	比较	compare A with B	Compare your answers with mine.
68	compete	/kəmˈpiːt/	竞争	compete with / for	Ten teams competed for the cup.
69	complain	/kəmˈpleɪn/	抱怨	complain about / of	He complained about the noise upstairs.
70	concentrate	/ˈkɒnsntreɪt/	集中（注意力）	concentrate on	Concentrate on your own work.
71	conclude	/kənˈkluːd/	得出结论；结束	conclude that	We concluded that he was right.
72	conduct	/kənˈdʌkt/	进行；指挥	conduct a survey	They conducted a survey among students.
73	confirm	/kənˈfɜːm/	证实，确认	confirm that	Please confirm your booking by email.
74	confuse	/kənˈfjuːz/	使困惑	confuse A with B	Don't confuse him with his twin brother.
75	consider	/kənˈsɪdə(r)/	考虑；认为	consider doing sth	I'm considering changing my job.
76	consist	/kənˈsɪst/	组成	consist of	The team consists of six players.
77	contribute	/kənˈtrɪbjuːt/	贡献；促成	contribute to	Exercise contributes to good health.
78	control	/kənˈtrəʊl/	控制	under control	Keep your temper under control.
79	convince	/kənˈvɪns/	使信服	convince sb to do sth	He convinced me to join the club.
80	cooperate	/kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/	合作	cooperate with sb	Let's cooperate with each other.
81	cost	/kɒst/	花费	it costs sb sth	The trip cost me five hundred yuan.
82	cover	/ˈkʌvə(r)/	覆盖；报道	be covered with	The ground was covered with snow.
83	create	/kriˈeɪt/	创造	create an atmosphere	Music creates a relaxed atmosphere.
84	deal	/diːl/	处理	deal with	How do you deal with stress?
85	decide	/dɪˈsaɪd/	决定	decide to do sth	She decided to study abroad.
86	declare	/dɪˈkleə(r)/	宣布	declare that	They declared the results at noon.
87	defend	/dɪˈfend/	保卫；辩护	defend against	We must defend our rights.
88	deliver	/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/	递送；发表	deliver a speech	He delivered a speech yesterday.
89	demand	/dɪˈmɑːnd/	要求	demand to do；demand that	They demanded an explanation.
90	deny	/dɪˈnaɪ/	否认	deny doing sth	He denied breaking the window.
91	depend	/dɪˈpend/	依靠；取决于	depend on	It all depends on the weather.
92	describe	/dɪˈskraɪb/	描述	describe A as B	Describe the picture in detail.
93	deserve	/dɪˈzɜːv/	应得	deserve to do sth	You deserve to win the prize.
94	design	/dɪˈzaɪn/	设计	be designed to do	The app is designed to help students.
95	desire	/dɪˈzaɪə(r)/	渴望	desire to do sth	She desires to become an artist.
96	destroy	/dɪˈstrɔɪ/	毁坏	destroy the environment	The fire destroyed the whole building.
97	determine	/dɪˈtɜːmɪn/	决定；下决心	be determined to do	He is determined to succeed.
98	develop	/dɪˈveləp/	发展；养成	develop a habit	Develop a habit of reading daily.
99	devote	/dɪˈvəʊt/	致力于	devote…to	He devoted his life to science.
100	discover	/dɪˈskʌvə(r)/	发现	discover that	Scientists discovered a new planet.

📝 大题 · 动词搭配填空（8 小题，先做再展开）

用上面表格里的动词填空，注意时态与介词。

Reading widely helps you ______ a large vocabulary.
She ______ for a place at a British university last year.
The heavy snow ______ many flights to be cancelled.
He ______ himself to helping children in poor areas.
I would ______ it if you could give me a hand.
Women ______ for about half of the workforce here.
Don't ______ me with my twin sister—we look alike.
He was ______ of cheating in the exam.

参考答案与解析

acquire —— 搭配 acquire a vocabulary / a skill，表示"逐步习得"。
applied —— apply for 申请；时间状语 last year 用一般过去时。
caused —— cause sb / sth to do sth 导致某人（某物）做某事；cause 后用不定式。
devoted —— devote oneself to doing，to 是介词，后接动名词。
appreciate —— I would appreciate it if… 是固定客套句式，it 不能省。
account —— account for 占（比例）。
confuse —— confuse A with B 把 A 与 B 混淆。
accused —— be accused of 被指控，介词固定用 of。

高考高频名词 80 个

名词的考点集中在三处：可数不可数（advice / information / progress 不可数）、固定搭配（make a contribution to / take advantage of）、话题词（阅读和写作的主题词）。

#	单词	中文	常见搭配	例句
1	ability	能力	have the ability to do	He has the ability to solve problems.
2	access	使用权，通道	have access to	Students have free access to the library.
3	achievement	成就	a sense of achievement	Passing the exam gave me a sense of achievement.
4	advantage	优势	take advantage of	Take advantage of every chance to practise.
5	advice	建议（不可数）	a piece of advice	He gave me a piece of useful advice.
6	amount	数量	a large amount of + 不可数	A large amount of money was spent.
7	approach	方法（名词）	an approach to doing	We need a new approach to learning.
8	argument	争论；论点	have an argument with sb	They had an argument about money.
9	aspect	方面	in every aspect	The film is good in every aspect.
10	attitude	态度	attitude towards	Keep a positive attitude towards life.
11	audience	观众	a large audience	The audience applauded warmly.
12	balance	平衡	keep a balance between	Keep a balance between work and rest.
13	behaviour	行为	good behaviour	His behaviour at the party was perfect.
14	benefit	好处，益处	bring benefits to	The project brought great benefits to us.
15	challenge	挑战	face a challenge	Rising sea levels are a global challenge.
16	character	性格；角色	a strong character	She has a strong character.
17	choice	选择	make a choice	It was a difficult choice for me.
18	circumstance	情况，环境	under no circumstances 决不	Under no circumstances should you give up.
19	comment	评论	make a comment on	He made no comment on it.
20	community	社区，群体	serve the community	She volunteers in the community.
21	company	公司；陪伴	keep sb company	I'll keep you company.
22	competition	比赛，竞争	enter a competition	She won the writing competition.
23	conclusion	结论	draw a conclusion	Let's draw a conclusion from the facts.
24	condition	条件；状况	on condition that；in good condition	The car is still in good condition.
25	confidence	信心	have confidence in	Have confidence in yourself.
26	consequence	后果	as a consequence of	He had to face the consequences.
27	contribution	贡献	make a contribution to	She made a great contribution to science.
28	cost	费用，成本	at the cost of	He saved money at the cost of quality.
29	courage	勇气	have the courage to do	She had the courage to speak out.
30	culture	文化	cultural difference	Culture shapes the way we think.
31	custom	习俗	follow a custom	It's a local custom to give red packets.
32	damage	损害（不可数）	do damage to	The storm did great damage to the crops.
33	danger	危险	in danger of	The species is in danger of dying out.
34	debate	辩论	have a debate on	We had a debate on school uniforms.
35	decision	决定	make a decision	He made a decision to quit.
36	demand	需求，要求	meet the demand	The demand for water is growing.
37	detail	细节	in detail 详细地	Please explain it in detail.
38	development	发展	with the development of	With the development of technology, life has changed.
39	difference	差别	make a difference	Your help really made a difference.
40	difficulty	困难	have difficulty in doing	He had difficulty in reading the map.
41	direction	方向	in the direction of	She walked in the direction of the park.
42	disease	疾病	suffer from a disease	He suffers from a heart disease.
43	effect	影响，效果（名词）	have an effect on	Noise has a bad effect on health.
44	effort	努力	make an effort to do	Make an effort to arrive on time.
45	emotion	情感	control one's emotions	Learn to control your emotions.
46	energy	精力；能源	save energy	We should all save energy.
47	environment	环境	protect the environment	Everyone can protect the environment.
48	evidence	证据（不可数）	evidence of	There is no evidence of life on Mars.
49	experience	经验（不可数）；经历（可数）	from experience	Learn from experience.
50	expression	表达；表情	beyond expression	Her face wore a happy expression.
51	failure	失败	end in failure	The plan ended in failure.
52	faith	信任，信念	have faith in	Have faith in your own ability.
53	feature	特征	a key feature of	The main feature of the city is its river.
54	feeling	感觉	have a feeling that	I have a feeling that he will agree.
55	goal	目标	achieve one's goal	Set a clear goal for yourself.
56	habit	习惯	form a habit	Form a habit of exercising daily.
57	health	健康	in good health	He is in good health.
58	impression	印象	leave a deep impression on	His speech left a deep impression on us.
59	influence	影响（名词）	have an influence on	Parents have a great influence on children.
60	information	信息（不可数）	a piece of information	I need more information about it.
61	instruction	说明；指示	follow the instructions	Follow the instructions on the box.
62	interest	兴趣；利益	show interest in	She shows great interest in music.
63	knowledge	知识（不可数）	have a good knowledge of	He has a good knowledge of history.
64	memory	记忆	in memory of	The park was built in memory of him.
65	method	方法	a method of doing	This is a simple method of learning.
66	opportunity	机会	an opportunity to do	Don't miss the opportunity to speak.
67	opinion	意见	in my opinion	In my opinion, it's worth trying.
68	pressure	压力	under pressure	He works well under pressure.
69	progress	进步（不可数）	make progress	You've made great progress.
70	purpose	目的	on purpose 故意地	He did it on purpose.
71	reason	原因	the reason for	Give me the reason for your decision.
72	relationship	关系	build a relationship	Build a good relationship with others.
73	responsibility	责任	take responsibility for	Take responsibility for your own actions.
74	result	结果	as a result of	As a result of the rain, the game was cancelled.
75	solution	解决办法	a solution to	There is no easy solution to the problem.
76	success	成功	achieve success	Hard work is the key to success.
77	trend	趋势	a growing trend	There is a growing trend towards online study.
78	variety	多样性；种类	a variety of	The shop sells a variety of goods.
79	view	观点；景色	in my view	In my view, the plan is practical.
80	wisdom	智慧	the wisdom of	Experience brings wisdom.

📝 大题 · 名词搭配填空（6 小题，先做再展开）

Every student has free ______ to the school library.
He made a great ______ to the success of the project.
Please explain the rule ______ detail.
There is no simple ______ to the problem of air pollution.
She has a good ______ of Chinese history.
Under no ______ should you lend him your ID card.

参考答案与解析

access —— have access to 有权使用（access 不可数，不加 s）。
contribution —— make a contribution to 对……做出贡献。
in —— in detail 详细地，固定搭配。
solution —— a solution to the problem，介词用 to，不能用 of。
knowledge —— have a good knowledge of 精通、熟悉；knowledge 不可数。
circumstances —— under no circumstances 决不，且置于句首时主句要倒装。

高频形容词与副词 60 个

阅读的态度题靠这些词定调，写作的降重靠它们替换 good / bad / very。形容词一定连着它后面的介词背：be aware of、be responsible for、be curious about。

形容词 50 个

#	单词	中文	常见搭配	例句
1	accurate	准确的	accurate information	His description of the accident was accurate.
2	active	积极的，活跃的	take an active part in	He takes an active part in class discussions.
3	anxious	焦虑的；渴望的	be anxious about / to do	She is anxious about the coming exam.
4	apparent	明显的	It is apparent that	It is apparent that he is nervous.
5	appropriate	恰当的	appropriate for	Wear appropriate clothes for the party.
6	available	可获得的，可用的	be available to	Tickets are available at the door.
7	aware	意识到的	be aware of	Be aware of the danger around you.
8	beneficial	有益的	be beneficial to	Reading widely is beneficial to us.
9	brilliant	出色的，绝妙的	a brilliant idea	What a brilliant idea it is!
10	capable	有能力的	be capable of doing	She is capable of running the team.
11	careful	仔细的，小心的	be careful with	Be careful with the knife.
12	cautious	谨慎的	be cautious about	Be cautious about strangers online.
13	certain	确定的	be certain to do	He is certain to win the match.
14	challenging	有挑战性的	a challenging task	It was a challenging task for a beginner.
15	convenient	方便的	be convenient for	Come whenever it is convenient for you.
16	creative	有创造力的	creative thinking	Creative thinking is encouraged here.
17	delighted	高兴的	be delighted to do	I'm delighted to hear the news.
18	disappointed	失望的	be disappointed at / with	She was disappointed at the result.
19	eager	渴望的	be eager to do	He is eager to learn new skills.
20	efficient	高效的	an efficient way	Email is an efficient way to communicate.
21	embarrassed	尴尬的	feel embarrassed about	I felt embarrassed about my mistake.
22	enthusiastic	热情的	be enthusiastic about	He is enthusiastic about sports.
23	essential	必要的，本质的	be essential to	Water is essential to life.
24	experienced	有经验的	be experienced in	She is experienced in teaching beginners.
25	familiar	熟悉的	be familiar with / to	I'm familiar with this song.
26	flexible	灵活的	a flexible schedule	I have a flexible schedule this term.
27	fortunate	幸运的	be fortunate to do	I was fortunate to meet her.
28	frequent	频繁的	frequent visits	He makes frequent visits to Beijing.
29	generous	慷慨的	be generous with	He is generous with his time.
30	grateful	感激的	be grateful to sb for sth	I'm grateful to you for your help.
31	harmful	有害的	be harmful to	Smoking is harmful to health.
32	independent	独立的	be independent of	She is independent of her parents.
33	innocent	无辜的，天真的	be innocent of	He was innocent of the crime.
34	likely	可能的	be likely to do	It is likely to rain this afternoon.
35	loyal	忠诚的	be loyal to	Be loyal to your friends.
36	obvious	明显的	It is obvious that	It is obvious that he lied.
37	optimistic	乐观的	be optimistic about	Be optimistic about the future.
38	particular	特别的；挑剔的	be particular about	She is particular about food.
39	patient	耐心的	be patient with	Be patient with young children.
40	permanent	永久的	a permanent job	He finally found a permanent job.
41	positive	积极的，肯定的	a positive attitude	Keep a positive attitude towards failure.
42	practical	实用的	practical advice	Give me some practical advice, please.
43	previous	先前的	the previous year	Sales rose from the previous year.
44	proud	自豪的	be proud of	I'm proud of what you have done.
45	reliable	可靠的	reliable information	He is a reliable friend.
46	responsible	负责的	be responsible for	You are responsible for the result.
47	sensitive	敏感的	be sensitive to	She is sensitive to criticism.
48	serious	严肃的；严重的	be serious about	He is serious about music.
49	temporary	暂时的	a temporary solution	It is only a temporary solution.
50	willing	愿意的	be willing to do	She is willing to help others.

副词 10 个

#	单词	中文	位置 / 用法	例句
51	approximately	大约	用于数字前	The journey takes approximately two hours.
52	deliberately	故意地	实义动词之前	He deliberately broke the rule.
53	eventually	最终	多与过去时连用	He eventually found the answer.
54	gradually	逐渐地	修饰变化过程	The pain gradually disappeared.
55	hardly	几乎不	否定词，置句首要倒装	I can hardly believe it.
56	immediately	立即	可放句末	Call me immediately if anything happens.
57	particularly	尤其	修饰形容词或从句	The food is particularly good here.
58	probably	大概，很可能	修饰动词或整句	He will probably arrive late.
59	rarely	很少	否定词，置句首要倒装	She rarely eats out.
60	suddenly	突然	位置灵活	The weather suddenly changed.

📝 大题 · 形容词副词填空（6 小题，先做再展开）

从括号中选出正确的词。

Regular exercise is ______ (beneficial / harmful) to your health.
Are you ______ (aware / afraid) of the risks of smoking?
He is ______ (responsible / reliable) for the safety of the whole class.
I was ______ (disappointed / delighted) to hear that our team had lost.
The accident was ______ (deliberately / approximately) caused by a careless driver.
______ (Hardly / Hard) had I got home when it began to rain.

参考答案与解析

beneficial —— be beneficial to 对……有益；harmful 意思相反。
aware —— be aware of 意识到；be afraid of 是"害怕"，与 risks 搭配也可但语义不同，本句强调"认识到风险"。
responsible —— be responsible for 对……负责；reliable 是"可靠的"，不能接 for 表负责。
disappointed —— 输了比赛应是"失望"，不是"高兴"。
deliberately —— "故意造成"用 deliberately；approximately 是"大约"。
Hardly —— Hardly…when… 一……就……，且要部分倒装；hard 是"努力地"。

易混词辨析 30 组

这些词组不是"意思相近"，而是"考试专门拿它们做干扰项"。记的时候成对记，重点记"差别"而不是"中文"：affect 是动词，effect 是名词——一句话就够。

#	词 1	词 2	区别	例句
1	affect v.	effect n.	affect 影响（动词）；effect 影响、效果（名词，have an effect on）	The noise affected my sleep. / It had a bad effect on me.
2	adapt	adopt	adapt 适应（to）、改编；adopt 采纳、收养	He adapted to the new school. / They adopted a new plan.
3	lie (lay, lain)	lay (laid, laid)	lie 躺、位于（不及物）；lay 放置（及物）	He lay on the grass. / She laid the book on the desk.
4	rise (rose, risen)	raise (raised)	rise 上升（不及物）；raise 举起、提高（及物）	Prices have risen. / Raise your hand.
5	borrow	lend	borrow 借入（from sb）；lend 借出（lend sb sth）	I borrowed a book from him. / He lent me a book.
6	sensible	sensitive	sensible 明智的；sensitive 敏感的（to）	It's sensible to book early. / She is sensitive to criticism.
7	economic	economical	economic 经济的；economical 节约的、划算的	economic growth / an economical car
8	beside	besides	beside 在……旁边；besides 除……之外还有	Sit beside me. / Besides English, he speaks French.
9	advice n.	advise v.	advice 不可数名词；advise 动词（advise sb to do）	a piece of advice / I advise you to rest.
10	practice	practise	英式：practice 名词，practise 动词；美式都用 practice	Daily practice helps. / Practise every day.
11	principal	principle	principal 主要的、校长；principle 原则、原理	the principal reason / moral principles
12	stationary	stationery	stationary 静止的；stationery 文具	a stationary car / a stationery shop
13	compliment	complement	compliment 赞美；complement 补充、相配	He paid her a compliment. / The wine complements the dish.
14	desert	dessert	desert 沙漠（重音在前）；dessert 甜点（重音在后）	the Sahara Desert / ice cream for dessert
15	personal	personnel	personal 个人的；personnel 全体人员、人事	personal opinion / the personnel department
16	quiet	quite	quiet 安静的；quite 相当、十分	Keep quiet. / It's quite easy.
17	through	thorough	through 穿过、通过；thorough 彻底的	walk through the park / a thorough check
18	lose (lost)	loose	lose 丢失、输；loose 松的、宽松的	Don't lose it. / a loose shirt
19	expect	except	expect 期待、预料；except 除……之外	I expect to win. / Everyone came except Tom.
20	accept	receive	accept 主动接受（心理同意）；receive 收到（客观动作）	I received the gift but didn't accept it.
21	bring	take	bring 带来（朝说话人）；take 带走（离开说话人）	Bring it here. / Take it away.
22	say	tell	say sth (to sb)；tell sb sth（必须有人作宾语）	He said nothing. / He told me a story.
23	cost	spend	cost 主语是物；spend 主语是人（spend on / in doing）	The book cost me 20 yuan. / I spent 20 yuan on it.
24	hard	hardly	hard 努力地、困难的；hardly 几乎不（否定词）	Work hard. / I can hardly hear you.
25	every day	everyday	every day 时间状语；everyday 形容词"日常的"	I run every day. / everyday English
26	late	lately	late 迟的、晚的；lately 最近（＝recently）	He came late. / I haven't seen him lately.
27	farther	further	farther 距离更远；further 进一步（抽象）	He jumped farther. / further information
28	some time	sometimes	some time 一段时间；sometimes 有时	I stayed there some time. / He sometimes walks to school.
29	most	mostly	most 大多数；mostly 主要地	Most students agree. / The guests were mostly students.
30	used to do	be used to doing	used to do 过去常常（现在不了）；be used to doing 习惯于	He used to smoke. / He is used to living alone.

📝 大题 · 易混词改错（6 小题，先做再展开）

每句有一处用词错误，改正并说明理由。

Loud music can effect your hearing.
He borrowed me his dictionary for the weekend.
The price of houses has raised a lot this year.
He is used to get up early every morning.
I have saw him twice lately.
Besides the window, there is a desk.

参考答案与解析

effect → affect —— 情态动词 can 后需要动词，affect 是动词；effect 作名词。
borrowed → lent —— 「他把词典借给我」是借出，用 lend sb sth；borrow 是借入。
raised → risen —— 房价"上涨"不带宾语，用不及物动词 rise 的过去分词 risen。
get → getting —— be used to 中的 to 是介词，后接动名词。
have saw → have seen —— 现在完成时是 have + 过去分词，lately 是现在完成时的标志词。
Besides → Beside —— 「窗户旁边」用 beside；besides 是「除……之外还有」。

高频词根词缀 20 个（每个 5 个派生词）

阅读里遇到不认识的词，别慌着猜中文——先拆词根。一个词根吃透，等于多背 5 个词，还能在考场上临时猜出生词。下面 20 个词根覆盖了高考生词的一大半。

#	词根	含义	5 个派生词	拆词示例
1	spect / spic	看	inspect 检查；respect 尊重；suspect 怀疑；prospect 前景；spectator 观众	in-（向内）+ spect（看）→ 往里看 → 检查
2	port	携带，运送	import 进口；export 出口；transport 运输；support 支持；portable 便携的	trans-（横过）+ port（运）→ 运过去 → 运输
3	dict	说	predict 预言；dictate 口述；dictionary 词典；contradict 反驳；verdict 裁决	pre-（预先）+ dict（说）→ 预先说 → 预言
4	tract	拉，拖	attract 吸引；contract 合同 / 收缩；extract 提取；distract 使分心；subtract 减去	at-（to）+ tract（拉）→ 拉过来 → 吸引
5	duc / duct	引导	introduce 介绍；produce 生产；reduce 减少；conduct 进行；educate 教育	e-（出）+ duc（引）→ 引出来 → 教育
6	ject	投，扔	reject 拒绝；inject 注射；project 项目 / 投射；object 反对 / 物体；subject 主题 / 科目	re-（回）+ ject（扔）→ 扔回去 → 拒绝
7	mit / miss	送，放	admit 承认；submit 提交；permit 允许；mission 任务；dismiss 解散 / 解雇	sub-（向下）+ mit（送）→ 往下送 → 提交
8	scrib / script	写	describe 描述；prescribe 开处方；manuscript 手稿；subscribe 订阅；inscription 铭文	de-（向下）+ scribe（写）→ 写下来 → 描述
9	fer	带来，拿	transfer 转移；refer 提到；prefer 更喜欢；offer 提供；differ 不同	trans-（转移）+ fer（带）→ 转移
10	graph / gram	写，画	photograph 照片；biography 传记；telegram 电报；diagram 图表；program 节目 / 程序	bio（生命）+ graphy（写）→ 写一生 → 传记
11	phon	声音	telephone 电话；microphone 麦克风；symphony 交响乐；phonetics 语音学；megaphone 扩音器	micro（小）+ phone（声音）→ 把小声音放大 → 麦克风
12	bio	生命	biology 生物学；biography 传记；antibiotic 抗生素；biodiversity 生物多样性；biochemistry 生物化学	anti-（反）+ bio（生命）+ tic → 抗生素
13	tele	远	telephone 电话；television 电视；telescope 望远镜；telegraph 电报；telecommunication 电信	tele（远）+ scope（看）→ 看远处 → 望远镜
14	struct	建造	construct 建造；instruct 指导；structure 结构；destruction 破坏；obstruct 阻碍	con-（一起）+ struct（建）→ 建在一起 → 建造
15	vis / vid	看	visible 可见的；vision 视力 / 愿景；video 视频；revise 修订；evidence 证据	e-（出）+ vid（看）+ ence → 看得出的东西 → 证据
16	aud	听	audience 观众；audio 音频；audible 听得见的；auditorium 礼堂；audition 试镜	aud（听）+ ience（人）→ 听的人 → 观众
17	cred	相信	credit 信用；credible 可信的；incredible 难以置信的；credential 资格证明；creditor 债权人	in-（不）+ credible（可信的）→ 难以置信的
18	pos / pon	放，置	compose 组成；expose 暴露；propose 提议；deposit 存款；opponent 对手	ex-（出）+ pose（放）→ 放出来 → 暴露
19	cap / capt	拿，抓；头	capture 俘获；capital 首都 / 资本；captain 队长；capable 有能力的；capsule 胶囊	capt（抓）+ ure → 抓住 → 俘获
20	man / manu	手	manual 手册 / 手工的；manufacture 制造；manage 管理；manuscript 手稿；manipulate 操纵	manu（手）+ script（写）→ 手写的 → 手稿

常见前缀：un- / in- / im- / dis- 否定；re- 再、回；pre- 前；post- 后；sub- 下；super- 上；trans- 横过；inter- 之间；mis- 错

常见后缀：-tion / -ment / -ness 名词；-able / -ful / -less / -ive 形容词；-ly 副词；-ify / -ize / -en 动词。

📝 大题 · 猜词训练（6 小题，先做再展开）

用词根词缀知识猜出下列画线词的词义。

He subscribed to three magazines last year.
The two drivers gave totally contradictory accounts of the accident.
Her handwriting is almost illegible.
The machine can extract oil from these seeds.
It was an incredible performance.
These pills can reduce the pain quickly.

参考答案与解析

订阅 —— sub（在下）+ scrib（写）→ 在单子上写下自己的名字 → 订阅。
互相矛盾的 —— contra（相反）+ dict（说）→ 说法相反 → 矛盾的。
无法辨认的 —— il-（否定）+ leg（读）+ -ible（能……的）→ 不能读的 → 无法辨认的。
提取，榨取 —— ex-（出）+ tract（拉）→ 拉出来 → 提取。
难以置信的 —— in-（不）+ cred（相信）+ -ible（能）→ 不能相信的。
减少 —— re-（回）+ duc（引导）→ 往回引 → 减少。

完形填空高频熟词僻义 30 个

熟词僻义是完形填空最爱设的坑：你认识这个词，但不知道它还有第二个意思，于是整句读歪。下表的僻义几乎年年考。

#	单词	常见义	僻义（考点）	例句
1	last	最后的	v. 持续	The meeting lasted two hours.
2	book	书	v. 预订	Book a ticket in advance.
3	plant	植物	n. 工厂	He works in a chemical plant.
4	address	地址	v. 处理，解决	We must address the problem at once.
5	observe	观察	v. 遵守	Every driver must observe the traffic rules.
6	reserve	预订	n. 保护区	The birds live in a nature reserve.
7	practice	练习	n. 惯例，做法	It's common practice in this country.
8	figure	数字	n. 人物；身材	She is a key figure in history.
9	capital	首都	n. 资本	They raised enough capital to start the firm.
10	degree	度；学位	n. 程度	I agree with you to some degree.
11	matter	事情	v. 要紧	It doesn't matter at all.
12	mean	意思是	adj. 吝啬的	He is mean with his money.
13	firm	公司	adj. 坚定的	She has a firm belief in herself.
14	subject	科目	adj. 易受……影响的	The schedule is subject to change.
15	content	内容	adj. 满足的	Be content with what you have.
16	present	礼物；现在	v. 呈现；发表	She presented a paper at the meeting.
17	sound	声音	adj. 合理的，健全的	That is a sound argument.
18	fair	公平的	n. 集市；招聘会	He found a job at a job fair.
19	run	跑	v. 经营	Her parents run a small company.
20	develop	发展	v. 冲洗（照片）；患（病）	He developed a bad cold last week.
21	strike	打，击	v. 突然想到	It struck me that I had left the key at home.
22	hit	打击	n. 成功之作	The song became a big hit.
23	live	居住	adj. 现场的	Millions watched the live broadcast.
24	spare	多余的	v. 抽出（时间）	Can you spare a few minutes?
25	treat	对待	n. 款待	It's my treat today.
26	count	数数	v. 重要，有价值	Every vote counts.
27	mind	头脑	v. 介意	Do you mind opening the window?
28	order	命令；点菜	n. 秩序	Please keep order in the hall.
29	race	比赛	n. 种族	Climate change threatens the human race.
30	term	学期	n. 术语；关系	In terms of money, the plan is practical.

📝 大题 · 熟词僻义翻译（6 小题，先做再展开）

译出画线词在本句中的意思。

The film lasted nearly three hours.
She was asked to address the meeting on Friday.
He is very mean with his money.
The doctor told him to develop a habit of walking.
It suddenly struck me that she was right.
In terms of price, this one is the best.

参考答案与解析

持续 —— last 作动词，指时间上的延续。
向……讲话，发表演讲 —— address 作动词，不只是"写地址"。
吝啬的 —— mean 作形容词，be mean with money 在钱上很小气。
养成 —— develop a habit 养成习惯（不是"发展习惯"）。
突然想到 —— It struck me that… 我忽然想到……
就……而言 —— in terms of 是固定短语，term 在此是"术语、方面"。

写作万能句 30 句（开头 / 主体 / 结尾）

万能句不是"背了就万能"，而是考场上给你 20 秒想句子的时间。每个位置背 2~3 句，写作时先搭骨架再填内容。注意：句子里的 … 必须换成你自己的内容，原样照抄会被扣分。

开头 10 句

#	万能句	中文	适用
1	It is universally acknowledged that…	众所周知……	议论文开头
2	There is no denying that…	不可否认……	议论文开头
3	With the development of science and technology, …	随着科技的发展……	现象类开头
4	Nowadays, … has become a heated topic.	如今……已成为热门话题	现象类开头
5	As is often the case, …	情况往往如此……	引入普遍现象
6	I'm writing to invite you to…	写信邀请你……	邀请信
7	I'm writing to apply for the position of…	写信申请……职位	申请信
8	Nothing is more important than…	没有什么比……更重要	强调观点
9	When it comes to …, opinions vary.	谈到……意见不一	议论类开头
10	It goes without saying that…	不言而喻……	提出常识观点

主体 10 句

#	万能句	中文	适用
11	First of all, … What's more, … Last but not least, …	首先……而且……最后	分层论述（最稳）
12	On the one hand, … On the other hand, …	一方面……另一方面	对比论证
13	Not only does …, but it also…	不仅……而且……	递进（倒装加分）
14	Take … as an example.	以……为例	举例
15	The reason why … is that …	……的原因是……	解释原因
16	Compared with …, …	与……相比……	对比数据
17	What impressed me most was…	给我印象最深的是……	记叙 / 续写
18	As a result, …	因此……	因果衔接
19	Only in this way can we …	只有这样我们才能……	提出做法（倒装）
20	There is no better way to … than to …	做……最好的方式莫过于……	提建议

结尾 10 句

#	万能句	中文	适用
21	In conclusion, …	总之……	总结
22	All things considered, …	综合考虑……	总结
23	It is high time that we took action.	我们该行动了	呼吁（注意用过去式）
24	I would appreciate it if you could…	如能……我将不胜感激	书信结尾
25	I'm looking forward to your early reply.	期待早日回复	书信结尾
26	Let's join hands to make a difference.	让我们携手改变	倡议书结尾
27	Only by doing so can we build a better future.	只有这样我们才能创造更好的未来	升华（倒装）
28	Thank you for your consideration.	感谢您的考虑	申请信结尾
29	Hopefully, my suggestions will be of some help.	希望我的建议有所帮助	建议信结尾
30	In a word, …	一句话，总之……	总结

📝 大题 · 写作模板实操（先写再展开）

题目：假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 Peter 想了解中国学生的课余生活。请写一封回信，介绍 ① 常见的课余活动 ② 你最喜欢的一项及原因，并邀请他暑假来体验。词数 100 左右。

要求：开头用第 6 句，主体用第 11 句 + 第 14 句，结尾用第 24 句 + 第 25 句，并至少使用一个倒装句。

参考范文与批注

Dear Peter,

I'm glad to hear from you. I'm writing to tell you something about our after-class life in China.

First of all, most students take part in sports or club activities after school. What's more, many of us learn to play a musical instrument or join a reading group. Last but not least, volunteering in the community is becoming popular. Take me as an example: I play basketball twice a week, which keeps me fit and helps me make friends.

Only by experiencing it yourself can you really understand how colourful our school life is. I would appreciate it if you could come and stay with us this summer. I'm looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,
Li Hua

批注：① 三个分层连接词把活动分成三类，结构清楚；② which 引导的非限制性定语从句补充说明好处；③ Only by…can you 是倒装句，是本节要求的加分点；④ 结尾两句是书信固定套路，礼貌且收束干净。

怎么把这一页用起来

先背搭配，不背中文：看到 affect 就想 be affected by，看到 contribution 就想 make a contribution to。搭配对了，完形和语法填空自然对。
每天一个板块：动词 100 个一天吃不下，拆成 20 个一组，边读例句边背，背完立刻做随堂测。
词根用来"救急"：考场上遇到生词，先拆前缀 + 词根 + 后缀，再判断词性和感情色彩（肯定 / 否定），往往就能选对。
万能句要改着用：把 … 换成自己的内容，再配 知识页第 10 节 的 20 个高分句型，写作分数立刻上一个档。

下一步：去 知识页 过语法 → 训练 20 题 → 测试 12 题 闭卷检验。